Shepherds, bovids and the environment in the Fulani oral tradition

Abstract

This article is based on the theoretical premise that mythical narratives are so essential that they form the basis of the imagination and influence social, religious and cultural practices. Questioning the relationship between the Fulani shepherd and his favourite animal, as well as the way in which he takes charge of the physical and symbolic environment, it highlights the origin, place and importance of bovids, as well as the ecological dimension of pastoralism in Fulani oral tradition. According to the cosmogonic narrative, the cow occupies a central place as the first creature and a fundamental symbol. It is part of a mythical triad that also includes woman and the universe, around which the social, economic and spiritual spheres are structured. This triad forms the basis of a pastoral ecology organised around the relationship between cattle, man and their environment. The principle of balance in being-in-the-world, defined as “a balanced person in a balanced space”, guides this ecological approach, which is based on the methodical management of natural resources, flora and fauna. Whether in the management of grazing areas, the selection of plant species or the use of water resources, all practices are based on proven expertise and an approach that is rigorously rooted in an ecological conscience, aimed systematically at promoting human and animal well-being, while ensuring the conservation of ecosystems.