Citoyenneté et statut social dans Muriel at Metropolitan de Miriam Tlali
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.17159/tl.v61i1.16064Mots-clés :
intersectionnalité, citoyenneté, statut social, apartheid, droit coutumier africain, Miriam TlaliRésumé
Dès les années 1970, les textes littéraires sud-africains reflétaient une position féministe intersectionnelle. L’œuvre pionnière de Miriam Tlali, Muriel at Metropolitan (1975), par exemple, aborde la façon dont les femmes noires sont confrontées de la manière la plus palpable à des oppressions et des inégalités croisées en raison de la race, de l’ethnicité, du genre et de la classe qui se renforcent mutuellement. Ces catégories sociales ont servi de base pour différencier les groupes les uns des autres et ont été utilisées pour créer des relations de pouvoir inégales. Ces inégalités ont été créées non seulement par le régime de l’apartheid, mais aussi par le droit coutumier africain, bien que ce dernier ait subi la double influence du colonialisme et de l’apartheid. Dans cet article, j’analyse cinq passages clés du roman dans une optique intersectionnelle en examinant la corrélation entre ces systèmes, les axes intersectionnels, la citoyenneté et le statut social. La lecture attentive des extraits montre que les droits civils des personnages sont restreints et que leur statut social est réduit, notamment par le biais de stéréotypes déshumanisants, de stratégies de dénomination raciale et sexiste et de pronoms polarisants. En outre, les contre-réactions discursives de Muriel, la protagoniste noire, sont décrites. Celles-ci consistent en une argumentation rationnelle, une rupture des normes, une objectivation et des techniques de distanciation. Ses répliques représentent sa résistance contre de multiples subjugations et prennent la forme de ce que l’on appelle aujourd’hui le(s) féminisme(s) intersectionnel(s).
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